Malformaciones vasculares cerebrales y aneurismas identificados mediante angiografía por tomografía computarizada en pacientes de un hospital pediátrico de Perú, 2012-2017

Resumen

Objective: To describe the imaging characteristics of cerebral vascular malformations and aneurysms using computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients treated at a pediatric hospital in Peru from 2012 to 2017. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted in patients under 18 years of age. Clinical histories with CTA reports were reviewed, for which sociodemographic variables and imaging characteristics were collected. Descriptive analysis was performed using Stata v.15 software, categorical variables were presented in measured frequencies and percentages for numerical variables of central tendency and dispersion. Results: Out of 111 patients, 55.0% were female with a median age of 10 years (IQR: 6-13). There were 87 cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 17 cases of saccular aneurysms, and 7 other cases. AVMs were most frequently located in the parietal (39.1%) and frontal (25.3%) regions. Aneurysms were located in the anterior communicating artery (29.4%) followed by the middle cerebral artery and the posterior communicating artery (17.6% each). Conclusion: Simple vascular malformations were the most common, affecting approximately 1 out of 10 patients, mainly girls between 6 to 12 years old. Arteriovenous malformations represented the majority of diagnosed vascular malformations, primarily located in the parietal and frontal regions. All intracerebral aneurysms were saccular and mostly found in the anterior communicating artery. Early intervention and the use of advanced diagnostic techniques are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality.