Importance of multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital malformation of the respiratory system—mainly involving the lower respiratory tract—characterized by an aberrant arterial blood supply and a lack of communication with the tracheobronchial tree. Case: A 4-month-old male patient with a history of previous hospitalizations for respiratory infections presented with fever and respiratory distress that failed to improve with antibiotic therapy, bronchodilators, and ventilatory support. Computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction confirmed pulmonary sequestration. Imaging revealed two aberrant arteries originating from the lower third of the descending thoracic aorta and extending to the left lower pulmonary lobe, along with pulmonary venous drainage into the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Once the diagnosis was clearly established, surgical treatment was indicated and performed successfully, and the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by pathology. Conclusion: Intralobar pulmonary sequestration associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a rare condition requiring surgical management.